ISO 45001:2018 defines a systematic OH&S management framework that explicitly incorporates structured incident investigation and corrective action. Clause 10.2 (“Incident, nonconformity, and corrective action”) requires organizations to establish processes for reporting, investigating, and correcting incidents and nonconformities. This ensures incidents are documented, root causes are identified, and preventive actions are implemented – closing the loop of the PDCA cycle. By embedding these requirements into an OH&S management system, organizations turn incidents into learning opportunities, bolstering compliance and driving continual improvement in safety performance.